There is no right way to re-position popover after it was created but you can call popover('show') each time you need to change position and do all your calculations inside placement function.
jQuery(document).ready(function() {
jQuery('#popover-element').popover({
content: jQuery('#popover-content'),
placement() {
if (jQuery(window).width() <= 992) {
return 'top';
}
return 'left'
},
html: true,
trigger: 'manual',
}).popover('show');
jQuery(window).resize(function() {
jQuery('#popover-element').popover('show');
});
})